Dr. Timothy Noakes continues to examine the events leading up to the academic world’s acceptance of Ancel Keys’ unproven diet-heart hypothesis. Beginning with the Framingham Heart Study in 1948, Noakes then discusses the contributions of John Gofman, Edward Ahrens, and Norman Jolliffe while analyzing how their work became supplanted by a reductionistic model in which just one causative factor — cholesterol — could be considered of overwhelming importance to the study of heart disease.