In this 2019 trial, Tim Noakes et al. demonstrate that athletes can achieve similar performances on a 5K time trial while following a low-carb or high-carb diet, contrary to the widely assumed understanding that low-carb diets cannot support effective exercise at high intensities. At minimum, this research indicates a low-carbohydrate diet does not negatively affect performance beyond a small impairment seen during an initial two-week transition period.