This 2001 review analyzes the significance of a particular lipoprotein profile, hypertriglycermidemic hyperapoB, which is strongly correlated with diabetes and heart disease risk. The authors posit small, dense LDL particles increase diabetes and heart disease risk, and form as a consequence of insulin resistance. Accordingly, dietary and lifestyle factors that increase liver fat content and insulin resistance may increase heart disease risk, even if they do not impact total or LDL cholesterol.