This 2019 trial pooled data from three large European cohorts to assess how effectively various biomarkers predicted cardiovascular mortality. Trial data revealed that a number of conventional cardiovascular disease biomarkers failed in this regard. LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglyceride levels were similar in subjects who died of cardiovascular disease and those who did not; adjusted risk ratios for each of these biomarkers were significant in only one out of three studies. Notably, diabetes significantly increased heart disease risk, even after adjustment.